Metkus TS, Miller PE, Stephens RS, et al. - Researchers utilized the National In-Patient Sample to determine the incidence as well as the prognosis of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure among patients suffering from acute heart failure (AHF) in this retrospective cohort study. This study included 279,534 persons hospitalized with AHF and treated with NIV. Of these, failure of NIV and requirement for intubation was noted in 4,257 (1.52%). Factors related to NIV failure were cardiogenic shock and in-hospital arrest. Overall 1.5% of patients hospitalized with AHF and treated with NIV needed intubation following initial NIV treatment. A high in-hospital mortality was reported in relation to intubation after initial NIV treatment.