Ajaj R, Cáceres JOH, Berlin A, et al. - Using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System—revised (ESAS-r) questionnaire that includes a physical (PHSDSS) and a psychological distress sub-score (PDSS), researchers analyzed gender-based disparities in distress symptoms in patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at four predefined time points: (a) diagnosis, (b) biopsy, (c) surgery, and (d) last follow-up. Overall, they assessed 495 patients (37.2% females). The multivariable model indicated that female gender have a statistically significant association with higher PDSS after diagnosis, biopsy, and surgery. Further, female gender was associated with a higher PHSDSS only after surgery in the multivariable model. Observations thus suggest existence of gender-linked psychological distress disparities in non-metastatic RCC patients throughout treatment, while dissipation of these differences at last follow-up occurred. Based on the findings, they emphasize screening for distress symptoms and giving psychological support continuously, particularly for female patients.