Radovich M, Jiang G, Hancock BA, et al. - Researchers performed this preplanned secondary analysis to ascertain if the presence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is independently related to recurrence and clinical results. From a phase 2 multicenter randomized clinical trial (BRE12-158) wherein patients with early-stage TNBC who had residual disease following neoadjuvant chemotherapy were randomized to receive postneoadjuvant genomically directed therapy vs treatment of physician choice, data were analyzed for 196 female patients. A significant link was identified between detection of ctDNA and inferior distant disease–free survival (DDFS) in 196 female patients. Significantly inferior DDFS was observed in patients who were ctDNA positive and CTC positive vs those who were ctDNA negative and CTC negative. Overall, findings demonstrated an independent correlation of the presence of ctDNA and CTCs after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with disease recurrence in patients with early-stage TNBC.