Zaki D, Balayla J, Beltempo M, et al. - Using the United States birth/infant death public file from 2011 to 2013, researchers conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study to determine whether maternal and fetal risk factors for increased neonatal mortality and early neonatal mortality are modified in the context of chorioamnionitis in term pregnancies. All live births at 37 weeks or more were involved. The prevalence of chorioamionitis among 9,034,428 live births was 1.29% (95% CI 1.28–1.30%). Data reported that the incidence of neonatal death and early neonatal death were 0.09 and 0.06% in the chorioamnionitis group vs 0.06 and 0.04% in the no chorioamnionitis group, respectively. The multivariate analysis reported the following risk factors for neonatal death and/or early neonatal death: low maternal education, extreme maternal age, obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m²), late or no prenatal care, diabetes, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, gestational ages other than 39 weeks, neonatal weight < 2500 g and delivery by vacuum or caesarian. Findings suggested that smoking and early term have a positive interaction with chorioamnionitis for the risk of neonatal mortality. This should be taken into consideration when counseling pregnant women and managing laboring pregnant women with suspected chorioamnionitis.