Wang L, Wang W, Rong W, et al. - This single center, prospective study was undertaken to determine whether postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) affords an efficacious treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with microvascular invasion (MVI). This study included 59 patients aged 35–72 years. Non-random allocation of all patients was done to receive standard postoperative treatment of hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus and nutritional therapy or RT in addition to standard postoperative treatment (1:1). In univariate analysis, MVI classification, postoperative treatment strategies were identified as prognostic factors for worst relapse free survival (RFS); tumor size, MVI classification and postoperative treatment were identified to be related to overall survival (OS). For patients in RT group, the 1-, 2-, 3-year RFS rates were estimated to be 86.2, 70.5 and 63.4%, and these values were 46.4, 36.1, and 36.1% for control group. Corresponding rates for OS were reported to be 96.6, 80.7, and 80.7% for patients in RT group and 79.7, 58.3, and 50.0% in control group. Overall, better RFS was achieved with postoperative adjuvant RT after hepatectomy in HCC patients with MVI, compared with standard postoperative therapy. Also, findings are suggestive of the usefulness of the former treatment strategy in controlling microscopic lesions in both M1 (low risk) and M2 (high risk) subgroups of HCC patients with MVI.