Hima L, Patel MN, Kannan T, et al. - Researchers used human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from three age groups (young, middle-aged, and old) of men and women, to determine the changes in the neuroendocrine-immune functions. They analyzed lymphocyte proliferation as well as cytokine generation, expression of cell signaling molecules, nitric oxide generation, and expression of p-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). In both genders, a decline with age was noted in lymphoproliferation, expression of p-ERK, p-CREB, p-Akt, and p-TH, and levels of serum sex steroid hormones. However, both genders showed a rise in TNF-α production and serum cortisol level with age. Older men had a higher expression of mTOR while it was lower in older women. In both genders, differential regulation of IFN-γ and IL-6 generation as well as of expression of p-TH and p-mTOR was evident. Overall, findings are suggestive of the likely involvement of intracellular signaling mediators in the age-associated changes in the neuroendocrine-immune interactions among men and women.