Kovacevic L, Lu H, Kovacevic N, et al. - Researchers conducted this prospective controlled pilot study to screen for the presence of biomarkers involved in tubular injury and kidney damage in children with urolithiasis (RS), and to validate these proteins by ELISA. The sample consisted of children with urolithiasis and their age- and gender-matched controls (HC). Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, the initial screening test was performed by quantitative proteomic comparison of pooled urine from RS compared with HC. According to findings, children with urolithiasis have shown significant increases in urinary Cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin regardless of normal serum creatinine. Such biomarkers show tubular injury and early kidney damage, and are valid early screening tools when traditional tests are normal.