Guven S, Yigit P, Tuncel A, et al. - The present study was conducted to investigate the incidence, management and follow-up of the residual fragments (RFs) following retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) of renal stones by the Turkish Academy of Urology Prospective Study Group (ACUP Study). Following the ethical committee approval, researchers enrolled 15 centers providing data regarding the incidence, management, and follow-up of RFs after RIRS and recorded all relevant information into the same electronic database program created by Turkish Urology Academy for Residual Stone Study. The study included a sum of 1,112 cases who had undergone RIRS for renal calculi. The study found higher incidence of RFs, after the RIRS procedure particularly in cases with relatively larger calculi, despite the reported safe and successful outcomes. Such cases require to be followed in a close manner and although a second flexible ureteroscopy is the treatment of choice for fragment removal in the majority of these patients, shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy may also be conducted in selected cases.