Fankhauser CD, Waisbrod S, Fierz C, et al. - This study was sought to present the incidence of urinary tract malignancies (UTM) and the diagnostic accuracy of cytology was compared with cystoscopy, renal ultrasound (US) and CT in patients with hematuria. Researchers performed a retrospective analysis including a total of 847 patients who underwent cystoscopy, cytology, US and CT for hematuria between 2011 and 2017. They extracted age, gender, BMI, smoking status, and results of further diagnostic interventions including transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB), ureterorenoscopy (URS), renal biopsy and imaging from medical charts. Using logistic regression, risk factors for UTM were distinguished. Via 2 × 2 tables,discriminatory accuracy of US, CT and cytology was assessed. The results indicate that the necessity of further diagnostics should be questioned in patients with non-visible hematuria due to the low incidence of UTM. It was noted that individuals with visible hematuria are at considerable risk for bladder cancer, and cystoscopy and upper tract imaging is cerified.