Hughes-McCormack LA, et al. - Researchers focused on current Down syndrome live birth and death rates, and childhood hospitalisations, vs peers, in a general community setting. This study included all live births with Down syndrome, 1990–2015, searched through Scottish regional cytogenetic laboratories, each age–gender–neighbourhood deprivation matched with five non-Down syndrome controls. Experts reported at least one admission and readmissions for more of the Down syndrome group. More of their admissions were emergencies. Findings revealed having 28% longer first admission post-birth for children with Down syndrome. A rise in the admission rate (from 90.7% to 92.2%) and a decline (from 63.3% to 44.8%) was reported from 1990–2003 to 2004–2014 for the Down syndrome group and for controls, respectively. Overall, children with Down syndrome needed more hospital admissions, readmissions emergency admissions and longer lengths of stays compared with their peers, which has got scant research attention in the past. To avert added problems in child development and family bonding in addition to that caused by the intellectual disabilities related to Down syndrome, statutory planning and informal support to families are shown to be crucial.