Lee KS, et al. - Researchers compared combined anti-VEGF/anti-PD-L1 targeted therapy synergistically improves treatment outcomes in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with anti-PD-L1 or anti-VEGF monotherapy. The expression of VEGF and PD-L1 (SP142) were examined in a retrospective cohort of 513 patients with clear cell (cc) RCC. This study eanalyzed PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and immune cells by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a positive threshold value of ≥ 1%. The results suggest that tumors with positivity for both antibodies revealed the worst recurrence-free survival, and double positivity independently prognosticated tumor recurrence in ccRCC. This research serves comprehensive and basic information about VEGF and PD-L1 expression for new combined therapy in primary ccRCC.