Aiello M, Jelski J, Lewis A, et al. - This study intended to explore traces from two large studies of male lower urinary tract symptoms (UPSTREAM and UNBLOCS) against international continence society (ICS) standards of urodynamic equipment and practice. Researchers selected ten percent of uroflowmetry and urodynamics traces at random from hospital sites. They designed a data capture template from the ICS Fundamentals of urodynamic practice checklist. They further scrutinized departmental records of calibration checks and equipment maintenance. It was reported that erroneous diagnosis of BOO is a serious error of interpretation, as it could lead to unnecessary surgery. The study distinguished other errors of standardization, testing, and interpretation with lower risk of adverse implications. It was noted that inconsistent documentation of service records mean equipment accuracy is uncertain.