Printz C - Given men who used assisted reproductive techniques to become fathers vs men who became fathers without them were shown to have a higher risk for prostate cancer in a recent study, and the findings, published in The BMJ, also indicate a higher risk for early-onset prostate cancer in these men and early screening and long-term monitoring for the disease may be beneficial in these men, so, the researcher compared the variations between the fathers of children conceived via assisted reproductive techniques and the fathers of those conceived naturally, utilizing data from national registries for more than 1 million children born alive to the same number of fathers in Sweden from 1994 to 2014. Especially high risk of early-onset prostate cancer was identified in men who fathered children through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), even following the elimination of men who had had a prior cancer diagnosis or had taken testosterone replacement therapy. It was concluded that testing and long-term follow-up may benefit the ICSI-assisted group, and a likely association between infertility and prostate cancer risk might be linked to anomalies on the Y chromosome in both conditions. However, overdiagnosis and overtreatment may potentially result from screening all infertile men for prostate cancer.