Matsunaga T, Komura K, Hashimoto T, et al. - A propensity score-matched analysis of a multi-institutional cohort was conducted to whether adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for individuals with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) offers survival benefit is still controversial. Researchers performed a propensity score-matched analysis using the regression model, including pathologic features such as lymphatic and vascular invasion in order to investigate the impact of AC on overall survival (OS) of cN0M0 UTUC patients. A multi-institutional cohort of 413 UTUC individual records was done. A total of 98 individuals were distinguished as pair-matched groups (49 patients in RNU and 49 patients in RNU + AC). They conducted a propensity score matching to reduce bias by potential confounding factors for survival, including pathologic features from the specimen of radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). The data shows a significant advantage for OS by the administration of AC, and pathologic vascular invasion in the specimen of RNU could help the patient selection to better predict the effect of AC.