Shan Z, et al. - Researchers sought to evaluate the correlations of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets with total and cause-specific mortality among US adults. They performed a prospective cohort study including a sum of 37,233 US adults (mean [SD] age, 49.7 [18.3] years; 19 598 [52.6%] female), applying data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2014. They examined data from July 5 to August 27, 2019. No associations were found between overall low-carbohydrate-diet, low-fat-diet scores, and total mortality. Whereas healthy low-carbohydrate-diet and low-fat-diet scores were correlated with lower total mortality, unhealthy low-carbohydrate-diet and low-fat-diet scores were correlated with higher total mortality. The data demonstrated that the correlations of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets with mortality may depend on the quality and food sources of macronutrients.