Zuma P, et al. - Researchers conducted a retrospective review of the laboratory-based database and clinical charts in order to delineate the epidemiology of immunocompromised HIV-infected pediatric (children and adolescents ≤ 19 years) and adults (> 19 years) with positive serum cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay (CrAg-LFA) in KwaZulu-Natal. The National Health Laboratory Services database of all serum CrAg-LFA performed in KwaZulu-Natal yielded 22,741 laboratory records; of these, 1,140 records were removed because of duplicate entries (1,074) and insufficient data (64). Pediatrics and adults exhibited a statistically significant difference in the incidence of positive CrAg-LFA [40 (3.5%) vs 1,194 (5.8%)]. A risk factor for cryptococcal antigenemia was severe immune suppression in adolescents on ART. Findings highlight the urgent necessity for a collective effort to timeously manage ART failure in adolescents with appropriate changing of ART regimens.