Duruel O, Berker E, Özşin-Özler C, et al. - In this study done with 41 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and 39 healthy (non-CF) individuals, researchers studied the periodontal status of CF patients, determined level of cytokines as well as biochemical molecules in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and investigated the existence of P. aeruginosa in dental plaque samples. They obtained GCF samples from the participants and performed ELISA to assess interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-17, IL-10, human neutrophil elastase (HNE), cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein, and human β-defensin-1 (HBD1) in GCF. Significantly higher levels of IL-1ß, HNE, and HBD1 were detected in CF patients vs non-CF individuals. However, significantly lower IL-10 level was found in CF patients. They identified P. aeruginosa in 4 samples of 18 CF patients, and all were negative in non-CF group. Findings revealed the coexistence of CF was accompanied by increased pro-inflammatory and reduced anti-inflammatory response locally. A more frequent follow-up is recommended for CF patients vs non-CF children, owing to increasing pro-inflammation.