Xu J, Bian G, Zheng M, et al. - Researchers determined the impact of fertility factors, such as female age, baseline sexual hormone levels, tubal patency, and vaginal pH, on the composition of vaginal microbiome. Participants were 85 women of reproductive age with no vaginal infections or reproductive endocrine diseases. From these, vaginal microbiome samples were obtained, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on those samples. Findings revealed that the vaginal microbiome in women of reproductive age is influenced by fertility factors related to the reproductive endocrine and the genital tract environment. Experts found a significant difference in the relative abundances of vaginal bacterial species, such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Prevotella intermedia, which was attributable to the host's state of reproductive endocrine and tubal patency. A higher abundance of Escherichia coli in the vagina was detected in women with tubal obstruction, or prolonged menstrual cycle, or antral follicle count > 15, or vaginal pH > 4.5. It was concluded that the pathological state of reproductive endocrine and genital tract could be determined by using species Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Prevotella intermedia, et al. as biomarkers.