Hoots B, et al. - In order to enhance the descriptive characterization of the US overdose epidemic, researchers investigated trends and recent variances in non-fatal and fatal stimulant overdose rates with and without opioids. They assessed non-fatal drug overdoses from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and assessed drug overdose deaths from the National Vital Statistics System. Overall, the analysis revealed an increase in cocaine-involved non-fatal overdose rates with an opioid from 2006 to 2016 [annual percentage change (APC) = 14.7], while there was an increase in rates without an opioid from 2006 to 2012 (APC = 11.3) and then the rates remained stable (APC = −7.5). From 2006 to 2016, an increase in psychostimulant-involved non-fatal rates with and without an opioid was noted (APC = 49.9 with opioids; 13.9 without opioids). From 2014 to 2017, increase in cocaine-involved death rates with and without opioids was noted (APC = 46.0 with opioids, 23.6 without opioids). Increase in psychostimulant-involved death rates with opioids was observed from 2010 to 2015 (APC = 28.6); from 2015 to 2017, this showed a dramatic increase (APC = 50.5); while they noted increased rates without opioids from 2008 to 2017 (APC = 22.6). From 2016 to 2017, an increase in death rates involving stimulants increased with and without opioids (cocaine with and without opioids = 37.7 and 23.3%; psychostimulants with and without opioids = 52.2 and 23.0%). From 2016 to 2017, a dramatic increase in death rates involving stimulants with synthetic opioids was noted (1.3–2.3 per 100,000 for cocaine and 0.3–0.8 for psychostimulants).