Yokomizo A, Wakabayashi M, Satoh T, et al. - In this multicentre, randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial, 210 individuals (105 in each arm) with localized prostate cancer whose prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations had declined to < 0.1 ng/ml following radical prostatectomy (RP), and then rose to 0.4–1.0 ng/ml, were randomized to the salvage hormone therapy group (SHT) or the salvage radiation therapy (SRT) ± SHT group in order to ascertain whether radiotherapy ± hormone therapy was better than hormone therapy alone in such individuals. It was discovered that initial SRT prolonged time to treatment failure of bicalutamide in individuals with post-RP PSA failure, designating that SRT ± SHT is more advantageous compared with SHT alone.