Yang TH, Xirasagar S, Cheng YF, et al. - From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, researchers retrieved data for this case-control study to explore the connection between pioglitazone, an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent used to treat T2DM, use and the occurrence of head and neck cancer. Participants in the study were 21,464 diabetic patients newly diagnosed with head and neck cancers. Bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant difference between cases and controls in the prevalence of prior use of pioglitazone. Multiple regression analysis exhibited adjusted odds of pioglitazone use of 1.06 among cases compared with controls. An association was found between prior pioglitazone use and oral cavity cancer.