Gogokhia L, Taur Y, Juluru K, et al. - Researchers sought to ascertain the correlation between adiposity and intestinal dysbiosis via comparing the gut microbiota and inflammatory markers in a cross-sectional study of viscerally obese, generally obese, and lean people living with HIV (PLWH). Via 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, characterization of fecal intestinal microbiota was done. Subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue (SAT; VAT) were determined using abdominal CTs. Further, they assayed serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, MCP-1, and sCD14. Fifteen, 9, and 11 participants with visceral obesity, general obesity, and lean body type, respectively, were studied. Participants with general obesity exhibited higher markers of systemic inflammation and sCD14 compared with those who were lean. They observed a positive correlation of sCD14 with VAT, but not with SAT. Participants with visceral and general obesity had significantly reduced bacterial diversity and further, their intestinal microbiota composition was significantly different from those with lean body types. A negative correlation of bacterial alpha diversity with VAT area, waist/hip ratio, and sCD14, but not with the SAT area, was evident. These findings suggest a possible correlation of dysbiosis in viscerally obese PLWH with the increased inflammatory state.