Neal DE, Metcalfe C, Donovan JL, et al. - Men with clinically localized prostate cancer at one of nine UK centers were invited to take part in a treatment trial comparing active monitoring (AM), radical prostatectomy, and radiotherapy in order to assess outcomes according to treatment. Analyses according to treatment received revealed raised rates of disease-related events and cheaper rates of patient-reported harms in men managed by AM in comparison with men managed by radical treatment, and more substantial proof of more comprehensive prostate cancer mortality in the AM group.