Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, et al. - The Medline/PubMed and Embase databases were systematically reviewed for publications concerning to lichen sclerosis (LS) in order to illustrate current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of genital LS, urologic manifestations, and treatment options. This discussion gave context for knowing LS morbidity and may encourage new boulevards of research. For the clinician, the clinical presentation of the disease, including the risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma was analyzed. The current medical and surgical treatment options were also detailed. In conclusion, LS persists to be a possibly insidious disease that could result in debilitating urinary and sexual dysfunction. Thus, cross-disciplinary research should strive for earlier discovery and more efficient and long-lasting treatment. Nevertheless, the accurate cause of LS remains unknown.