Maehira H, Miyake T, Iida H, et al. - Researchers sought to determine the clinical roles for cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) expressing different markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). They analyzed each primary tumor from 67 resected PDAC patients who had not received preoperative therapy for vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. The percentage of cells expressing vimentin was not correlated with α-SMA in the tumor stroma. Findings revealed poor survival in PDAC in correlation with vimentin-positive CAFs without co-expression of α-SMA, and CAFs possessed molecular and functional heterogeneity in this disease.