Shaikh N, et al. - Researchers assessed how the risk of renal scarring was correlated with the number of febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) through a post hoc analysis of data from 2 studies of a total of 345 children (mean [SD] age, 19.4 [18.2] months). Data reported that the incidence of renal scarring was 2.8%, 25.7% and 28.6% following one febrile UTI, two febrile UTIs, and three or more febrile UTIs, respectively. The odds of renal scarring following a second febrile infection were 11.8 times bigger than following a single febrile infection, and the odds of renal scarring following three or more febrile infections were 13.7 times bigger than following a single febrile infection. While relatively few children have 2 febrile UTIs, those with significantly higher renal scarring risk vs children with a single febrile UTI. This finding suggests that work must concentrate on discovering biomarkers that could identify children at risk of subsequent febrile infections that are not invasive. More research is also required in order to understand the molecular basis of increased renal scarring risk in children with recurrent febrile UTIs.