Ozan T, et al. - A total of 148 individuals were involved, and their medical files were analyzed in order to assess predictive factors on sperm retrieval and pregnancy rates by microdissection testicular sperm extraction in individuals with nonobstructive azoospermia along with a history of orchidopexy operation. The age at which individuals underwent orchidopexy, as well as the unilateral or bilateral presence of cryptorchidism (a common congenital pathologic condition defined as the absence of at least one testis in the scrotum, mostly because of the failure of the normal testicular descensus that could lead to infertility and testicular neoplasia), had no relationship with sperm retrieval and pregnancy rates. However, FSH levels were correlated with uni- and bilaterality, and testis volume to the age of orchidopexy operation, they were not auspicious factors for the success of sperm retrieval and pregnancy in the micro-testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) procedure. Moreover, to evaluate the success of the mTESE procedure and associated predictive factors, prospective randomized controlled large series are needed.