Vainshelboim B, et al. - In order to determine the preventive role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in lung cancer among smokers, researchers examined lung cancer incidence and cancer mortality in former and current male smokers in correlation with CRF. The study sample included 2,979 men (former smokers, n = 1,602; current smokers, n = 1,377) aged 59.1 (SD = 17.4) years who were evaluated for CRF (quantified from treadmill exercise testing) from 1987 to 2014, and were prospectively observed for 11.6 (SD = 7) years. A lower risk of lung cancer incidence in former smokers and a decreased risk of cancer mortality in current smokers in whom lung cancer was diagnosed were seen in relation to higher CRF. Lung cancer morbidity and mortality could potentially be attenuated by performing screening for low CRF and reaching at least moderate CRF.