Sondermeijer L, Lamboo LGE, de Waal AC, et al. – Researchers conducted a large case-control study to re-examine the risk of melanoma in relation to cigarette smoking. The study sample consisted of 1,157 patients with melanoma diagnosed between 2003 and 2011 in the Netherlands and 5,595 controls from the Nijmegen Biomedical Study. A strong inverse association was found between cigarette smoking and melanoma risk in men. No clear trend for the number of cigarettes smoked, however, was identified. In addition, results regarding females were less clear and not statistically significant. In order to explore the biological relationship between smoking cigarettes and melanoma, the researchers emphasized that fundamental laboratory study is required.