Xiang N, Song Y, Wang Y, et al. - Reporting in China’s Pneumonia of Unknown Etiology (PUE) passive surveillance system for emerging respiratory infections was evaluated, as well as ways to improve the PUE surveillance system’s detection of respiratory infections of public health significance. In two hospitals, researchers identified 2,619 acute respiratory infections admissions from February 29 to May 29, 2016; of these, 13% met the PUE case definition but none were reported. Among 311 specimens tested, seasonal influenza virus-positivity was reported in 6%; none of these were avian influenza-positive. In < 10% PUE case medical records, documentation was done regarding whether or not there were exposures to animals or others with respiratory illness. Lack of awareness of the PUE system (76%) and lack of understanding regarding the case definition (53%) were the most commonly cited reasons for not reporting cases. These findings emphasized increasing clinicians’ awareness of the PUE system, and including relevant exposure items in standard medical records to increase reporting.