Baba S, Vakorin VA, Doesburg SM, et al. - In children with pharmacoresistant infantile spasms (IS), researchers studied the characteristics of fast oscillations (FOs) and connectivity in hypsarrhythmia to identify biomarkers for anticipating seizure outcomes after total corpus callosotomy (TCC). For this investigation, 42 children with pharmacoresistant IS who had TCC from 2009 to 2014 at Nagasaki Medical Center were retrospectively identified. For 200 seconds from each child, preoperative hypsarrhythmia was collected. Findings suggested that increased FOs strength and connectivity in hypsarrhythmia may correlate with IS seizures that are pharmacoresistant and surgically resistant. Unilateral/bilateral cortical epileptogenicity in hypsarrhythmia is correlated with the existence and connectivity of FOs. Prominent slow waves and FO-free connectivity could correlate with freedom of seizure after TCC. Callosal system modulation with subcortical/cortical epileptic discharges could play a part in hypsarrhythmia and IS generation.