Buziau AM, et al. - Among participants of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, the link between fermented dairy intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was investigated. They examined Australian women (aged 45–50 years old) at baseline in 2001 and followed up with them through five surveys until 2016. During 15-years of follow-up, development of T2DM was reported in 701 (9.2%) of 7,633 women who were free of diabetes at baseline; CVD was found in 835 (10.9%) of 7,679 women free of CVD at baseline. Lower adjusted odds of T2DM were reported in women in the highest tertile of yogurt consumption vs those in the lowest tertile, but following adjustment for dietary variables and total energy intake, this link became nonsignificant. Lower CVD risk was reported in relation to high intake of yogurt and total fermented dairy vs that reported in the lowest tertile of dairy product intake, but the link was weakened after additional adjustment. Overall, findings revealed an inverse link between total fermented dairy consumption and CVD risk, which could partly be due to other dietary components.