Gaither TW, et al. - Via conducting a secondary analysis of the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux trial, researchers determined patient/caregiver factors correlated with non-adherence and ascertained if adherence alters the impact of prophylaxis on recurrent urinary tract infections and renal scarring. Participants in the study were 600 patients. In children with vesicoureteral reflux, adherence is distinctly associated with clinical outcomes. Non-adherence is common and is a distinct clinical entity linked to renal scarring. Adherence in prophylaxis management algorithms should be evaluated. Findings revealed that neither demographic factors nor disease severity was linked to non-adherence.