Hadjivassiliou M, et al. - In patients with a new diagnosis of celiac disease, researchers assessed the presence of neurologic deficits and if the presence of antibodies to TG6 increases the risk of neurologic defects. The study sample consisted of 100 consecutive patients with a new diagnosis of celiac disease based on gastroscopy and duodenal biopsy. In 24% of patients, gait instability was reported, sensory symptoms persisted in 12%, and frequent headaches were reported in 42%. In 29% of patients, gait ataxia was found, nystagmus was seen in 11%, and distal sensory loss in 10%. According to findings, neurologic deficits were common and circulating antibodies against TG6 were seen in 40% of this prospective cohort study of patients with a new diagnosis of celiac disease. In patients with TG6 autoantibodies, a significant decrease in the volume of specific brain regions was seen, indicating that autoimmunity to TG6 and brain atrophy are linked in celiac disease patients. Early diagnosis, increased awareness of neurological manifestations among clinicians, and strengthened adherence by patients to a strict gluten-free diet to avoid permanent neurological disability are required.