Kacmarek RM - The researcher focused on noninvasive respiratory support, including noninvasive ventilation, CPAP, and high-flow nasal cannula, for managing postextubation respiratory failure. Data analysis revealed that in order to achieve a smooth transition to spontaneous breathing and to minimize the requirement for re-intubation, these therapies are needed in patients at high risk of re-intubation. In atelectasis cases in which high levels of PEEP are needed, the most indicated therapy is CPAP. In patients who can not maintain an adequate minute ventilation without excessive work of breathing, noninvasive ventilation is indicated. For cases with severe hypoxemia not due to marked atelectasis or severe ARDS, the most indicated option is high-flow nasal cannula. In cases which are at low risk for re-intubation or postoperative pulmonary complications, the use of any of these therapies is not supported due to insufficient data.