Vercammen KA, et al. - Using dietary data from the 2003–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, the national estimates of the percentage of energy drink consumers were determined in the United States. Researchers also studied the trends in energy drink intake between 2003 and 2016. They examined 9,911 adolescents, 12,103 young adults, and 11,245 middle-aged adults. A significant increase in the prevalence of energy drink consumption was reported from 2003 to 2016 across all three age groups. Overall, investigators noted substantial growth in the consumption of energy drinks. Compared with non-consumers, a significantly higher total caffeine intake was reported among energy drink consumers, pooled across years.