1. A 28-year-old male presents with a complicated UTI. What are the other factors suggesting complicated UTIs?

• Prolonged symptoms (>1 week)
• Urinary tract obstruction
• Pregnancy
• All of the above

2. A 28-year-old married female has a history of recurrent urinary tract infections. Which of the following are the risk factors associated with recurrent urinary tract infections in this patient?

• Spermicide use
• Sexual activity
• Inadequate fluid intake
• Any of the above

3. A 26-year-old pregnant female presents with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Since she is asymptomatic, she does not require treatment. Is this true or false?

• True
• False

4. A 23-old-lady presents with dysuria, frequent voiding of small volume, and urinary urgency for 2-3 days. She was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following is recommended as the first-line antibiotic for the treatment of UTI?

• Fosfomycin
• Nitrofurantoin
• Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
• All of the above

5. A 30-year female has been diagnosed with uncomplicated cystitis. Which of the following are not recommended as the first-line agents for this patient?

• Fluoroquinolones
• Cephalosporins
• Both a and b
• Nitrofurantoin