The statement is an overview of current knowledge about risk factors common to both heart disease and breast cancer, the potential for heart damage from some breast cancer treatments, and suggested strategies to prevent or minimize the damage. Breast cancer survivors, especially women over the age of 65 years, are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease than breast cancer. This fact underscores the importance of effectively managing heart disease risk factors during and following cancer treatment.

“Any patient who is going to undergo breast cancer treatment, whether they have heart disease at the beginning or not, should be aware of the potential effects of the treatments on their heart,” said Laxmi Mehta, MD, chair of the writing group for the new scientific statement. “This should not deter or scare patients from undergoing breast cancer treatment, but should allow them to make informed decisions with their doctor on the best cancer treatment for them.” 

During cancer treatments, patients should pay attention to both their breast health and general health, including their heart, said Dr. Mehta, who is director of the Women’s Cardiovascular Health Program and an associate professor of medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.For example, some cancer treatments, such as HER-2 targeted therapies, can cause cardiotoxicity. In some cases, the reduction in heart function is temporary, and cessation of the treatment and/or the addition of other medications can improve function.

However, in some breast cancer patients, heart failure can be permanent. Consequently, the early development of heart failure can signal a need to slow down and/or alter a patient’s breast cancer treatment because of the risk for worsening the condition or the development of permanent heart failure. 

Some small studies suggest that administering common chemotherapy agents in new ways may reduce heart disease risks. For example, studies have shown that when doxorubicin is administered slowly, rather than all at once, patients may have a lower risk of heart failure.

In addition, dexrazoxane, a drug that could reduce cell damage, has recently been approved for patients with metastatic breast cancer who receive high doses of doxorubicin. More studies will be needed to confirm whether the results of the smaller studies are seen in larger groups of patients. 

Other treatments, such as radiation, can affect the arteries and contribute to coronary artery disease or blockages. Some breast cancer treatment agents, such as anthracyclines, can result in abnormal heart rhythms that, while benign in some patients, can lead to life-threatening heart rhythms in others. And, treatments such as antimetabolites can cause spasm of the heart arteries, which can result in chest pain symptoms and heart attack.

Heart disease and breast cancer share a number of risk factors, including advanced age, poor diet, family history, physical inactivity, and tobacco use. The fact that these diseases share some risk factors suggests that there are lifestyle choices, primarily diet and exercise, that could help decrease the risks of developing both diseases. Health-care providers should monitor a woman’s heart health before, during, and after breast cancer treatment.

Adherence to a number of ideal heart health behaviors or factors from the American Heart Association’s “Life’s Simple 7” is associated with a trend towards a lower incidence of breast cancer. Life’s Simple 7 includes being physically active, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight, eating a healthy diet, avoiding tobacco, and maintaining healthy levels of blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar.

“Fortunately, with the advances in breast cancer treatment, there have been a growing number of survivors. However, during and after the treatment of breast cancer, having optimal control of heart disease risk factors is important, because older breast cancer survivors are more likely to die of heart disease than breast cancer,” Dr. Mehta said. “And that's why Life's Simple 7 is important for all patients with and without breast cancer.”