A new study has shown that people diagnosed with epilepsy in England and Wales are at increased risk of dying from suicide and accidents.

Though the risks of dying unnaturally for people with epilepsy are low in absolute terms (0.3%-0.5%), they are higher than in people without epilepsy says Dr. Hayley Gorton from The University of Manchester.

The research conducted at the University of Manchester and Swansea University, and funded by the NIHR, is published in the journal JAMA Neurology today.

The team analyzed data from 44,678 people with epilepsy compared to 891,429 people without epilepsy in England and 14,051 people with epilepsy compared to 279,365 individuals without epilepsy in Wales.

The data show that compared to people without epilepsy, people with epilepsy are specifically:

•Twice as likely to die by suicide
•Three times more likely to die accidentally
•Five times more likely to die specifically by accidental medication poisoning
•Three and a half times as likely to die by intentional medication poisoning

Opioid painkillers and medicines for mental illness were most commonly taken in fatal poisonings among people with and without epilepsy, whereas fatal overdoses involving antiepileptic drugs were comparatively rare. Antiepileptic drugs were involved in about 10% of poisoning deaths among people with epilepsy.

Dr. Gorton said: “Though unnatural death occurs rarely among all groups in the population, people with epilepsy are almost three times more likely to die from any unnatural cause than those without the condition.”

“We already know that people with epilepsy are at increased risk of dying prematurely, but such a detailed examination of specific types of unnatural death has not been carried out until now.”

“However, the direct causes of these increased mortality risks are not yet fully understood.”

“And though the paper identifies an association between mortality and epilepsy, we cannot say for certain what causal mechanisms are implicated.”

Dr. Gorton added: “Because of these risks, it’s important that people with epilepsy are adequately warned so they can take measures to prevent accidents.”

“We urge clinicians to advise their patients about unintentional injury prevention and monitor them for suicidal thoughts and behavior.”

“We would also advise doctors to assess suitability and toxicity of medication when prescribing medicines for other associated conditions to these individuals.”

The study used 2 electronic primary care data sets linked to hospitalization and mortality records—the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) in England (from January 1, 1998, to March 31, 2014) and the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank in Wales (from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2014).