Any alcohol consumption is known to increase cancer risk.

The American Cancer Society recently updated its recommendation from limiting alcohol to avoiding alcohol altogether to reduce cancer risk. Here, the University of Colorado Cancer Center discusses this update with Valaree Williams, MS, RD, CSO, CNSC, FAND, lead dietician from the Oncology Supportive Services at UCHealth.

Why is it important for patients with cancer to limit or avoid alcohol altogether?

Williams: The American Cancer Society Guideline for Diet and Physical Activity of Cancer Prevention state that it is best not to drink alcohol. For people who choose to drink alcohol, intake should be limited to 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink a day for women. You are likely asking why such a strict recommendation? Alcohol use is linked to increased risk for several cancers including cancers of the mouth, throat, voice box, esophagus, liver, colon and rectum and breast. 

How does alcohol increase the risk of cancer?

Williams: It is not completely understood how alcohol raises cancer risk and it may vary based on the type of cancer. Alcohol can damage body tissues, slow the body’s ability to break down and get rid of harmful chemicals, decrease absorption of important nutrients required to keep cells in the body healthy and raise estrogen levels in women (which could affect breast cancer risk). Also, alcohol consumption can add extra calories to the diet and lead to weight gain, which is concerning as being overweight or obese is known to increase the risk of many types of cancer. Along with these effects, alcohol may contribute to cancer growth in unknown ways.

What are your recommendations for patients with cancer/the general public regarding alcohol?

Williams: When you can, choose to drink non-alcoholic beverages as recommended by the American Cancer Society. If you choose to drink alcohol, limit your enjoyment to 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink a day for women. The recommended limit is lower for women due to body size and slower breakdown of alcohol as compared to men.  Talk with your doctor to determine the effects of alcohol on your health specifically.