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Variability in the management of adults with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease

Clinical Infectious Diseases Mar 28, 2020

Abate G, Stapleton JT, Rouphael N, et al. - Researchers sought to understand management and outcomes of patients with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease at diverse centers across the US. They performed a 10-year (2005-2015) retrospective study at seven Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units and identified 297 patients diagnosed with pulmonary NTM. The most frequent NTM species identified were Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (83.2%), M. kansasii (7.7%), and M. abscessus (3.4%). Treatment was provided in 245 (82.5%) patients, while follow up was provided without treatment in 45 (15.2%) patients. Drug susceptibility results were available for 86 patients; of these, > 40% exhibited resistance to rifampin, ethambutol, or amikacin. Despite the American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA) Guidelines, heterogeneous management of pulmonary NTM disease was reported and there were relatively low cure rates. Patients who were cured had significantly more common adherence to ATS/IDSA treatment guidelines.

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